All of your musculature that you can't see in the mirror composes the posterior chain. It's the most neglected, and actually, most important aspect of strength training. It's critical to create muscle balance and stability, and you need a strong posterior chain to prevent or control postural issues, as well as deal with back pain.
So, where does it start?
From the base of your skull in the back, through your upper, middle, and lower trapezius, posterior delts, triceps, lats, rhomboids, spinal erectors/longissimus, glutes, hamstrings, calves, and feet, and all of the stabilizers in between.
What are the best exercises to train the posterior chain?
Back/rear delt: All vertical pulling movements (pullups, chin-ups, pulldowns, etc), All horizontal pulling movements (rows of all kinds), all deadlifiting movements (barbell, dumbbell, straight leg version, Romanian deadlift, etc)
Glute/Hamstring/Calf/Feet: All kettlebell swinging movements, all deadlifting movements, all squatting movements below parallel
*Here's a hack to train your lower legs: Perform swings and deadlifts barefoot. This forces your feet to grip the floor with it's stabilizers
Triceps: Lying extensions (all versions), overhead extensions (all versions)
Want to add muscle, reduce pain, and feel amazing?
Better train the posterior chain!
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